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Terraces foundation: drained and dense
There are only three types of foundations for terrace systems installation:
- dense (concrete )
- drained
- Soft (operated roof)
The general principle of terraces design for any foundations:
Terrace - it is always a self-supporting structure.
Terraces are never and with nothing attached to the foundation and walls.
Terraces made of natural wood do not tolerate the rigid fixing.
Terrace installation on drained foundation:
The drained foundations include:
- Chip stone
- Gravel
- Ground coat
- Sand
Drained terraces advantages:
- Rainwater drainage and a free steam discharge through foundation thickness
- Natural soil moisture maintenance
- Savings on concrete works, concrete waterproofing and slopes landscaping
- No drain-water inlets and water drains
- Area healthy microclimate
- Natural biogeocoenosis
The following stages are performed for drained foundations:
- Installation of perimeter: gabions, curbs, blind area, parapets.
- Filling the foundation with layers of different fractional chippings of thickness not less than 25 - 30cm.
- Manual rammer or using vibration machine.
- Water spilling (maximum possible amount of water for a few days for 5-6 hours depending on the size of the terrace). We simulate the processes occurring in soil during heavy rains and snowmelt
- Foundation adjustment (gravel backfill into the cavity formed after spilling)
- Installation of bearing points under logs ( adjustable legs or concrete blocks) with a diameter of 220 -250mm
- to prevent the plants growth under the board, we use landscape fabric
Terrace installation on a dense foundation
The dense foundations include:
- concrete
- asphalt
- pavers
- stone
- tiles
When installing the terrace on a concrete foundation the following should be done:
- After sloping and water-drain inlets arrangement the concrete waterproofing is performed.
- Frequency of supports installation under the log depends on the log cross-section. Typically 600 - 1000mm
- Logs are linked together with terrace board.
- The log should be used planed over its upper plane.
- The board is mounted on a log through the drain plug. This increases the terrace constructive service life for at least two times.
- Sub-construction is treated with preservatives.
Terrace installation on accessible roof area
- When installing the terraced coating applied in accessible roof area supports are used with a large area of base of 250 - 300mm, same as on loose drained foundations. This allows even distributing of load over foundation.
- Any assembled terrace system weight does not exceed 25 - 50kg per 1 sq.m.
- Number of adjustable supports: 2.5-4 pcs per 1 sq.m.
- Occasionally, for reliability we underlie the supports with additional layer of thin rubber or waterproofing to prevent extrusion
- Roof terrace significantly prolongs the waterproofing service life since completely protects it against destructive UV light and overheat.
General conditions of proper sub-construction installation at any foundation:
- Log should not lie on the ground or concrete. Always use the drain inserts.
- The gap between the foundation and sub-construction (frame) is not less than 10mm. For this we use air-foam rubber of 10 -20mm, special adjustable supports SIHGA, concrete blocks or silicate bricks, in general, any water-and frost- resistant materials, which can provide for free water drainage underneath the log.
- Use landscaping fabric to prevent the plants sprouting through the terrace.
- Upper bevel edge on the log should be removed with a radius of 2 5mm. This prevents water holding on the log.
- The frame can be made of soft wood species (thermally modified pine, for example). One wood species is used when the board is screwed directly to log without drain gap. In this case, the screw length must be at least of board's two thicknesses. When using the thin log a through drilling to be done.
Author: Kovashov Georgiy